But all of the nations who went to war did have other reasons, and as it turned out, that assassination was the perfect foil to make the dominoes fall.
Austria-Hungary wanted an empire to the Mediterranean. Russia wanted influence in the Balkans. Germany feared Russian economic expansion, and also wanted a larger global empire. France wanted back the lands it had lost to Prussia. Britain wanted to curb German expansion, especially naval and colonial expansion, while preserving its own worldwide empire.
Some leaders also saw war as a way to silence the protests and boost nationalism. But it wasn't just political. War was big business. Among its passengers were the daughter, son-in-law and three grandchildren of the American ambassador Mr. Henry Morgenthau. That is confirmed in her later book Practicing History,[17] in which she tells the story of her father, Maurice Wertheim, traveling from Constantinople to Jerusalem on August 29th, , to deliver funds to the Jewish community there.
Thus, at two, Tuchman was a firsthand witness to the pursuit of Goeben and Breslau, which she documented 48 years later. The Washington Post. March 16, In her Author's Note, she explains that the "inexhaustible problems of the Balkans" would necessitate a "tiresome length," which fortunately can be omitted without sacrificing the "unity" of the book. Hostile relations between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Kingdom of Serbia thus fail to merit further mention.
One Minute to Midnight. He wanted 'every officer in the Army' to read it as well. The secretary of the Army sent copies to every U. The Guns of August Audio Book. Narrated by Ian Stewart Playaway Audiobook ed. Back Cover. ISBN He was so impressed by the book, he gave copies to his cabinet and principal military advisers, and commanded them to read it. Fall Foreign Affairs. Excerpt online. Penguin Books. See discussion re Fritz Fischer in the article Gerhard Ritter. Mommsen, Imperial Germany Politics, culture, and society in an authoritarian state ; translated London: Arnold pp.
Ferguson sometimes provides a counterpoint to Tuchman. In The Pity of War the causes of the conflict are addressed in detail. The Guns of August. New York: The Macmillan Company. Practicing History. New York: Albert A.
Y] 22 Feb Culture Wikia Explore. Wiki Content. Duke Ellington DJ Shadow!!! Explore Wikis Community Central. Register Don't have an account? History Talk 0. Fan Feed. Universal Conquest Wiki. Tuchman frames her remarks by describing [at , ] the German military's "theory of terror".
Accordingly, in a failed attempt to suppress the "illegal" belgians franc-tireur civilians shooting at German troops [], hundreds of nearby citizens at several Belgium towns had been executed [at ].
Her accounts of the ferocity of such German army reprisals against the general population, and of the willful burning of Louvain, e. Chapter 18 [] describes the British fear that, their island nation being dependent on overseas imports, the German navy would manage to disrupt their international trade.
Although Britain's navy was superior in ships and experience, perhaps the German navy's "best opportunity for a successful battle was in the first two or three weeks of the war" []. Yet then the German fleet remained in port, ordered not to challenge the British warships watching the North Sea []. Consequently, a substantial control over the world's seaways was then exerted by Britain's Royal Navy [].
Surrounding the neutral role of the United States of America, diplomatic politicking quickly intensified. On August 6th Washington formally requested the Europeans to agree to follow the Declaration of London , which "favored the neutrals' right to trade as against the belligerents' right to blockade" [].
Germany agreed. Britain "said Yes and meant No" [], supplemented by an Order of Council on August 20th the th anniversary of Britain's burning of Washington []. Despite the equitable intent of international law, Britain sought to receive supplies from America while their naval blockade denied them to Germany. President Wilson had already advised Americans on August 18th to be "neutral in fact as well as in name, impartial in thought as well as in action" so that America might become the "impartial mediator" who could then bring "standards of righteousness and humanity" to the belligerents in order to negotiate "a peace without victory" in Europe [, ].
Yet war-time paper profits from a nearly fourfold increase in trade with Britain and France, and "German folly", eventually would work to undo America's neutrality [, ]. The book's last four chapters describe the fighting in France up to the beginning of the First Battle of the Marne. The French and British forces, united at last, fall on von Kluck's exposed right flank, in what would be the first successful offensive by the Allies.
In the subsequent attack, the Germans were forced back north, with both sides suffering terrible losses. While Paris had been saved, the war took on a new cast, with both sides settling into a defensive trench system that cut across France and Belgium from the Channel to Switzerland.
This became known as the Western Front , and over the next four years it would consume a generation of young men. In the brief Afterwards [], Tuchman offers reflections on the First Battle of the Marne, and on the world conflict in general. The war's opening "produced deadlock on the Western Front.
Sucking up lives at the rate of 5, and sometimes 50, a day, absorbing munitions, energy, money, brains, and trained men This article does not contain any citations or references. Please improve this article by adding a reference. For information about how to add references, see Template:Citation. Throughout the aforementioned narrative, Tuchman constantly brings up the numerous misconceptions, miscalculations, and mistakes that she believed resulted in the tragedy of trench warfare.
Among these were:. Overall, Tuchman argued that none of the war's major combatants wanted a prolonged war, but the above factors caused it nonetheless.
Likewise, she argued that even successes, such as the First Battle of the Marne a French victory , were to some extent accidental victories that were won despite, not because of, military leadership or strategy. The book was an immediate bestseller and was on the New York Times best-seller list for 42 consecutive weeks. Instead, Tuchman was given the prize for general non-fiction. Kennedy ] was so impressed by the book, he gave copies to his cabinet and principal military advisers, and commanded them to read it.
He often quoted from it and wanted "every officer in the Army" to read it as well. Subsequently, "[t]he secretary of the Army sent copies to every U. Washington, in a rather panicky way, have been urging a NATO 'alert' with all that this implies in our case, a Royal Proclamation and the call up of Reservists. FOG2 Ancients v. Re: Boxed copies delay by werfer. Re: Boxed copies delay by jeffoot Beta Tournaments Manual.
Release Date: Jul 24, Language: English. Genre: Strategic. Timeline: World War I. Theatre: Western Europe. Difficulty: Intermediate. Players: AI: Present.
Game Editor: No. Unit Scale: Corps. Info Features Requirements.
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